高考英语阅读理解专题指导－猜测词义题

　　[分析]根据与insult“侮辱”的同等关系猜测defame为“诋毁” ，“中伤”或“诽谤”

　　例12.The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as football.

　　[分析]运用与football的同义关系推断为“足球”。

　　例13.The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.

　　[分析]运用与The house近义关系可以推断dwelling与住所有关

　　例14.Most women in China ---educated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-----work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.

　　[分析]后面的urban and rural, the young and old之间都有反义关系，运用这个关系可以推断illiterated为“未接受过教育的，即代盲”

　　三是通过构词法

　　在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。

　　1.根据前缀猜测词义

　　例15.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?

　　根据词根educational （教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：“男女同校教育的”意思。（2005年江西卷）

　　2.根据后缀猜测词义

　　例16. It's a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercialized Cornish fishing village on England's most southerly point．（2005年广东卷）

　　后缀 -ise/ize意思是“使成为…；使…化”，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：“未被商业化的”。

　　3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义

　　例17.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.（2005年北京卷）

　　Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是“设计精巧的”意思。

　　例18. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists. （2004年浙江卷）

　　根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和produce （生产），我们可以推测 mass-produce的意思是：“大批量生产；规模生产”的意思。

　　4.猜测词性变换新词含义

　　例19.The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. （2004年山东卷）

　　head本为名词，表头。由the bus和home的语境逻辑可以推断，该句head为动词，表方向，结合全句可译为“开往、驶向”。

　　例20.I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. （2004全国卷Ⅱ）

　　cloud本为名词，表云。分析语境逻辑可知，忧虑会影响一个人的判断，因此该句clouded应译为使难以……。

　　四是根据生活常识

　　运用自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下代能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。下面代字中划线单词的词义你能猜出来吗？

　　例21.Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects.

　　例22.Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.

　　句子的已知部分和我们的常识告诉我们：beaks是“喙”；claws是“爪子”；wither表示“枯萎”。

　　结合以上指导解下列两道阅读理解题

　　A

　　Ever since news of widespread food recalls caused by a carcinogenic dye broke, there has been confusion（混淆） over possible links to the country of the same name, but Sudan officials say there is no connection whatever. www.16qiuxue.com 　

　　Sudan?1 is a red industrial dye that has been found in some chilli powder, but was banned in food products across the European Union (EU) in July 2003.

　　Since the ban was put in place, EU officials have been striving to remove some food products from the shelves. So far 580 products have been recalled.

　　Last week Sudan’s Embassy in the United Kingdom asked the Food Standards Agency (FSA) for clarification of the origin of the dye’s name.

　　Omaima Mahmoud Al Sharief, a press official at Sudan’s Embassy in China, explained the purpose of the inquiry was to clear up any misunderstanding over links between the country and the poisonous dye.

　　"We want to keep an eye on every detail and avoid any misunderstanding there," she said. "Our embassy to Britain asked them how the dye got that name and whether the dye had something to do with our country. But they told us there was no relationship."

　　The FSA, an independent food security watchdog in Britain, received a letter from the Sudanese embassy last week.

　　"They asked us why the dye is named Sudan, however, we also do not know how it got the name," she said. "People found the dye in 1883 and gave it the name. Nobody knows the reason, and we cannot give any explanation before we find out."

　　Sudan dyes, which include Sudan?1 to 4, are red dyes（颜料） used for colouring solvents（溶剂）, oils, waxes, petrol, and shoe and floor polishes. They are classified as carcinogens by the International Agency for Research on Cancer.

　　1. What does the underlined word mean in paragraph one?

　　A. Causing cancer.    B. Having side effect.    C. Containing poison.    D.Poisonous.

　　2. How did the Sudan?1 get its name?

　　A. The dye is often produced in Sudan.

　　B. The dye has something to do with the country named Sudan.

　　C. Nobody is sure of the origin of the name.

　　D. Many foods produced in Sudan contain the dye.

　　3. We can infer from the passage that.

　　A. the Sudan government is paying much attention to the food safety

　　B. Sudan?1 is often used to be added to the food

　　C. people didn’t realize the danger of Sudan?1 until 2003

　　D. many food shops will be closed down

　　4. Which of the following is the best title?

　　A. Keep away from Sudan?1

　　B. No Sudan?1 dye links to the country

　　C. How Sudan?1 dye got its name?

　　D. Pay attention to the food safety

　　B

　　The Man of Many Secrets — Harry Houdini — was one of the greatest American entertainers in the theater this century. He was a man famous for his escapes — from prison cells, from wooden boxes floating in rivers, from locked tanks full of water. He appeared in theaters all over Europe and America. Crowds came to see the great Houdini and his “magic” tricks.

　　Of course, his secret was not magic or supernatural powers. It was simply strength. He had the ability to move his toes as well as he moved his fingers. He could move his body into almost any position he wanted.

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