非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

    一、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别
    限制性定语从句,顾名思义,是对先行词从本质或特征上进行限制的一种定语从句,它所修饰的词代表一个(些)或一类特定的人或事、物。例如:
    A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much.
    一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的。
    A man被限定后,指一类特定的人。
    限制性定语从句是不能去掉的,否则剩下的部分就失去意义而不能成立。非限制性定语从句则不然,它只对所修饰的词作进一步的说明,去掉之后并不影响整个句子的含义。在形式上,非限制性定语从句与主句之间通常必须有逗号隔开。例如:
    Finally we visited the Giant Yangtze Gorges Dam, which is the greatest key  water control project in the world at present.
    最后我们参观了长江三峡大坝,它是目前世界上最大的水利枢纽工程。
    本句若去掉定语从句,主句部分的含义仍然完整。历年的高考题中,非限制性定语从句是出现频率最高的考点之一,因此值得我们注意。
    二、引导非限制性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指代前面整个句子。例如:
    That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.   
    彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布,却已被传得沸沸扬扬。
    句子中的which指代“彼特要娶爱丽斯”这件事。
    三、除which外,还可用when, where, who,whom等关系副词或关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。例如:
    After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.
    毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。
    Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World War II, when Jews were badly treated in Germany.
    第二次世界大战期间,爱因斯坦离开德国去了美国,那时犹太人在德国受到极大的歧视。
    注意:that不能引导非限制性定语从句。
    四、在限制性定语从句中,如果先行词作宾语时,引导词可以省略;但引导非限制性定语从句的引导词不能省,同时关系代词whom不能用who替换。试比较:
    The American journalist (whom / who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters.
    播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。
    He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother.
    他急于想去医院看望他的继母,他像对亲生母亲一样爱戴和尊敬她。
    巩固性练习:
    从A、B、C、D中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
    1. She heard the terrible noise, _____ brought her heart into her mouth.
    A. it           B. which     C. this        D. that
    2. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course,                             made the others unhappy. 
    A. who      B. which     C. this        D. what
    3.  The weather turned out to be very good,____ was more than we could expect.
    A. what     B. which    C. that     D. it
    4.  Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,____ was very reasonable.
    A. which price B. the price of which  
    C. its price       D. the price of whose
    5. The youngest nurse has worked for 30 days in the SARS hospital, ____ she spent her
    19th birthday.
    A. that           B. which      C. where D. and
    (答案bbbc)