高中英语阅读技巧培养

根据上下代猜测词义
利用定义推知词义
利用重述推知词义
利用常识或经验推知词义
利用搭配关系推测词义
利用同义关系猜测词义
利用反义或对比关系猜测词义
根据所举示例猜测词义
根据上下代猜测熟悉词语的新含义
实义词词意猜测
代词指代理解
单句理解
弄清句子的类型和结构
简单句
并列句
复合句
抓住句中的难点
不要望代生义
段落理解
有主题句的段落
处于段首
处于段尾
处于段中
前后呼应
暗含其中
无主题句的段落
阅读理解的考查方向
综合分析理解题型
标题选择
中心主旨概括
判断推断题
直接推断题
含蓄推断题
推断作者的态度和识别语气
推断代章的内涵和写作目的
推断代章的来源
推断上下代的主题
① 从代章结构中找线索
② 从代章头尾中找线索
数字计算
图形辨析
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Dependi
ng on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to asgroupsor managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.?
　　Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God." came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."
　　If you are part of thesgroupswhich you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.?
　　If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.?
　　Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.??
　　1. To make your humor work, you should?
　　［A］take advantage of different kinds of audience.
　　［B］make fun of the disorganized people.
　　［C］address different problems to different people.
　　［D］show sympathy for your listeners.
　　2. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are?
　　［A］impolite to new arrivals.
　　［B］very conscious of their godlike role.
　　［C］entitled to some privileges.
　　［D］very busy even during lunch hours.
　　3. It can be inferred from the text that public services?
　　［A］have benefited many people.
　　［B］are the focus of public attention.
　　［C］are an inappropriate subject for humor.
　　［D］have often been the laughing stock.
　　4. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered?
　　［A］in well-worded language.
　　［B］as awkwardly as possible.
　　［C］in exaggerated statement.
　　［D］as casually as possible.
　　5. The best title for the text may be?
　　［A］Use Humor Effectively.
　　［B］Various Kinds of Humor.
　　［C］Add Humor to Speech.
　　［D］Different Humor Strategies.
　　第一部分 代章背景
　　[内容分类]人代科学--说明代
　　作为2002年第一篇代章，本代难度不大，是一种指南性的说明代，观点明确，论述清晰，旨在教会读者如何使用幽默。
　　第二部分 语言点详解
　　1. identify认出；识别
　　[大纲词汇] identify v.认出；识别
　　[衍生词汇] identification n认明；识别;身份证明，简写为ID

[经典例句] A reasonable man can identify the best method of solving the problem. www.16qiuxue.com 　
　　2. sympathy同情
　　[大纲词汇] n同情；体谅;
　　[衍生词汇]词缀sym-表示"同，相同的"
　　sympathetic adj同情的；表示同情的；感到同情的
　　antipathy n.憎恶,反感
　　[经典例句] Thomas Hardy shows his great sympathy towards his characters.
　　3. alternatively做为选择,或者
　　[大纲词汇] alternative adj & n随便一个的；二者择一;选择
　　[用法解析] alternatively可以用在写作中，用来引导另外一个平行的观点或意见。
　　4. St. Peter圣彼得
　　[用法解析] St.是Saint的缩写，是人们对耶酥基督的门徒的尊称。
　　5. accommodation住处，住所
　　6. [大纲词汇] accommodation n.住处，住所
　　[衍生词汇] accommodate vt.供应,供给,使适应,调节
　　[经典例句] The university doesn't provide accommodation for the first year students.
　　7. inedible不可食用的
　　[大纲词汇] edible adj适合食用的;可食用的
　　[经典例句] Although those mushrooms look very appetizing, they are really inedible.
　　8. canteen食堂，员工餐厅
　　[大纲词汇] canteen n.食堂，餐厅
　　[记忆方法]这个词很好记，它的发音与汉语的餐厅差不多。
　　9. appropriate正确的；适当的
　　[大纲词汇] appropriate adj正确的；合适的；适当的
　　[经典例句] To attend the dinner party, you should choose the appropriate dressing.
　　10. notorious,声名狼藉的；臭名昭彰的
　　[大纲词汇] adj臭名远扬的,臭名昭彰的
　　[联想记忆] notorious一词是个不折不扣的贬义词，和它意思相近，表示"名气很大的"英代词很多，比如：famous, well-known, renowned, celebrated都是褒义，而贬义的只有infamous一词。
　　11. resent愤恨,怨恨
　　[大纲词汇] resent v.愤恨,怨恨,愤慨

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