高中生高考英语写作复合句写法小结

高考英语写作专题 如何写好复合句
在英语中，包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。如果一个句子包含两个或更多的主谓结构，其中有一个或更多的更多的主谓结构充当句子的某一个成分，这个句子就叫复合句。复合句分为名词性从句、定语从句(形容词性从句)和状语从句(副词性从句)。其中，名词性从句又分为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。

定语从句
修饰名词或代词、用作定语的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的特点是：从句前面有个各词或代词（先行词），从句必须由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词有who, whom, which, that, as, 它们在从句中做主语或宾语：whose在从句中做定语，whose后必须有一个名词。如whose parents, whose top等。
关系副词有：when, where, why，在从名中只能做状语。
注：运用定语从句必须注意两点：由关系代词或关系副词所替代的成分在从句中不能重复出现：定语从句与简单句一样，也要求句子结构既正确又完整。
如：将下列每组句子连成一个含定语从句的复合句，并分析定语从句成分。
1. The foreigner is from Canada. He visited our class.
The foreigner who(主语) visited(谓语) our class(宾语) yesterday is from Canada.
2. Mrs. Wang is the teacher. Her son was admitted to Beijing University.
Miss Wang is the teacher whose(定语) son(主语) was admitted(谓语) (whose后有son, who代her) to Beijing University.
3．Our teacher told us such a story. It moved us all to tears.
Our teacher told us such a story as(主语) moved(谓语) us all(宾语)(as代it做主语, it不重复出现) to tears.
4．I will never forget the days. We worked in that small town in those days.
I will never forget the days when we(主语) worked(谓语) in that small town.
定语从句练习：
（一） 将下列每组句子连成一个含定语从句的复合句，并分析定语从句的成分。
1. The noodles were delicious. I cooked the noodles.
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2. The factory is in the west of the city. His father works in that factory.
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3. They planted the trees. The trees didn’t need much water.
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4. I have a friend. Her father is an engineer.
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（二）把下列句子译成英语。

1．他去年写的那本书深受读者欢迎。
2．我妈妈教书的那所学校建于1930年。

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3．那个在会上做报告的人是我们的校长。
4．她就是那个语音很好的女孩。

名词性从句
比较下列两组句子：
1)Your explanation (主语) sounds (连系动词) reasonable (表语).
(只有一个主谓结构，简单句)
What you said just now (主语从句) sounds（连系动词）reasonable (表语).
(主语包含一个主谓结构，复合句)
2)I (主语) believe (谓语) your honesty (宾语).(只有一个主谓结构，简单句)
I (主语) believe (谓语) that you are honest (宾语从句).
(宾语包含一个主谓结构，复合句)
主语从句What you said just now中的What，宾语从句that you are honest中的that都是引导从句的关联词。从句的结构一般说来和简单句的一样，只不过从句前多了一个关联词。
了解并正确使用关联词是写好名词性从句的关键，引导名词性从句的关联词的词义的用法见下表：
类别 词义 在从句中的作用
连词that 无任何词义 仅起连接作用，不做成分
连词whether, if 意为“是否” 起连接作用，不做成分
连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever
有各自含义 连接从句，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语
连接副词how, when, why, where, however, whenever, wherever 有各自含义 连接从句，并在从句中充当状语
如：1)That he didn’t pass the examination disappointed his mother.
(主语从句，that没有意义，在从句中不充当任何成分)
注：引导主语从句的that不能省略，如在上句中，如果省去that，子结构混乱，是典型的“汉语式英语”；有了that，就很容易看出that 是连词，引导主语从句That he didn’t pass the examination，整个句子结构是“主语+谓语+宾语”。
2)The question is who will be elected president of the country.
(表语从句， who意为“谁”，在从句中作主语)
3)You can give it to whomever you like.
(宾语从句， whomever意为“任何人，无论谁”，在从句中作宾语)
4)I can’t remember where I have read this article.
(宾语从句， where意为“哪里”，在从句中作状语)
注：名词性从句中有一个问题需特别注意：it做形式主语，it做形式主语。
it做形式主语常用的句型：It is + 形容词 + that…
It is + 过去分词 + that…
It matters/doesn’t matter + that/whether…
eg: It(形式主语) is(系动词) necessary(表语) that you inform him of the date for the meeting at once.(真主语) (从句)
It(形式主语) was said(谓语) that he used to be manager of a big company.(真主语) (从句)
It(形式主语) matters a lot(谓语) whether you can raise enough money for the project.(真主语) (从句)
it做形式宾语的句型：
主语+谓语+it（形式宾语）+形容词/名词（宾语补足语）+从句（真主语）/不定式
eg: We(主语) consider(谓语) it(形式主语) a great honour(宾补) that we can host the 2008 Olympic Games.(真宾语)
They(主语) found(谓语) it(形式主语) difficult(宾补)(形容词) to communicate with the local people. (真主语)
名词性从句练习：
（一） 用that, whether/if, what(ever), who(ever), whom(ever), whose, which(ever), when, why, how, where填空。
Everyone knew 1_______Andy was a famous writer, but no one knew 2_______she came from and 3_______she was born in 1961 was still a mystery. 4_______they did know was 5_______she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6_______was in need of money. Andy was generous and helpful, but some people thought she was chasing fame. Andy said she didn’t understand 7_______they were so narrow-minded, but it didn’t matter 8_______others would thought of her. She just wanted to do 9________she thought was right. I think that is 10_______the meaning of life lies.
（二） 将下列句子译成英语，然后分析每个句子的结构。

1. 这就是我们不同意你的方案的原因。 2. 他能考入北在下是我们意料中事。

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3. 妈妈答应我她会好好照顾自己的。
4. 他们还没决定什么时候出发。

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5． 很明显，他在撒谎。
6．据报道，我们队夺得了金牌。

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7．真奇怪，他竟然这么粗鲁。
8．我们规定每天练习一个小时的英语口语。

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状语从句
状语从句修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词，由从属连词引导，可位于句首，也可位于主句后。状语从句在句首时，往往有逗号使从句与主句隔开。

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