高二英语第二十二单元A Tale of Two cities

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　　　　　 　　( 2 ) “having been kept…”是现在分词完成式的被动语态形式，它由“having been + 过去分词”构成，表示：已经被……”的意思，在句子中主要作状语，表示时间或原因。

　　Lucie Manette , having been told of the news , became excited and decided to start for France immediately . ( = After she had been told of the news , Lucie Manette became excited… ) 露西•曼奈特得知这个消息之后，情绪很激动，决定立即起程去巴黎。 ( 作时间状语 )

　　Having been translated into many languages , his book soon became well known in the world . ( = As it has been translated into many languages , his book became… ) 他的书由于译成多种文字，很快就举世闻名了。 ( 作原因状语 )

　　6 . The poor of the cities and the peasants in the country , having lived such a hard life for so long . took up their guns and knives and began to kill the rich nobles . 城市贫民和乡村里的农民由于长期以来过着非常艰苦的生活，拿起刀枪开始杀富有的贵族来了。

　　〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) the poor = poor people . 形容词前加一个定冠词 the，则表示一类人或一类东西。如：the rich ( 富人 ) ，the young ( 年轻人 ) ，the old ( 老年人 ) ，the blind ( 盲人 ) ，the new ( 新的东西 ) ，the ordinary ( 普通的东西 ) ，the unusual ( 不寻常的东西 ) 等。

　　　　　　　 ( 2 ) having lived such a hard life for so long 是现在分词的完成式短语，作表示原因的状语，相当于一个状语从句：as they had lied such a hard life for so long .

　　句中的 lived 作“度过，过着”解，life 是它的同源宾语。在英语中有些不及物动词如 live , die , sleep , smile , dream , fight , laugh 等后面可有一个意义与它相同的宾语，这样的宾语叫做同源宾语。又如：

　　We are now living a happy life . = We are living happily .

　　He lived the rest of his life in the United States .

　　He died a heroic death in the battle .

　　The baby slept a good sleep .

　　The little girl smiled a sweet smile .
　
　　I dreamed a beautiful dream last night .

　　At this we laughed a hearty laugh .

　　She sang a nice song .

　　7 . On reading it , he found that a servant of the family in France had been put in prison , through no fault of his own . 读完信后，他得知他法国家中的一名仆人本人没有任何罪过被关进了监　狱。

　　〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) on reading it = As soon as he read the letter . 介词 on 作“在……时，在……之后”解。相当于一个月 as soon as 引导的表示时间的状语从句。强调这一动作一发生，另一动作立即发生。例如：

　　On hearing the news . he burst out crying .

　　= As soon as he heard the news . he burst out crying .

　　( 2 ) on 作此义解时，后面还可跟名词。如：

　　However , on his arrival in Paris , he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison . 然而，当他一到巴黎就立即被人认出是贵族，因而被投入监狱。
　　
　　其中 on his arrival in Paris = on arriving in Paris = as soon as he arrived in Paris .

　　On his return from Beijing . he began his research work .

　　8 . Although Lucie married Charles , Sydney promised her that he would always do anything he could for her to make sure of her happiness . 虽然露西嫁经他查尔斯，但是悉尼还是向露西许诺，说为了确保她生活幸福，他愿意为她做一切可能做的事。

　　〖 明晰 〗 ( 1 ) 这是一个复合句，主句是 Sydney promised her , 后跟由 that 引起的宾语从句：he would always do anything he could for her to make sure of her happiness . 其中插入了一个省略了关系代词 that 的定语从句： ( that ) he could ( do ) , 修饰先行词 anything。

　　( 2 ) 句首是由 although 引起的让步状语从句。

　　( 3 ) 不定式短语“to make sure of her happiness”在句中作目的状语，修饰谓语“would always do anything”。
　　
【 妙文赏析 】

　　老板问盘子干嘛 ?

　　When a Korean woman who lives in the United States arrived at work one morning , her boss asked her , “Did you get a plate ? ”“No… , ”she answered , wondering what in the world he meant . She worked in an office . Why did the boss ask her about a plate ? All day she wondered about her boss\'s strange question , but she was too embarrassed to ask him about it . At five o\'clock , when she was getting ready to go home , her boss said , “Please be on time tomorrow . You were 15 minutes late this morning . ”“Sorry , ”she said . “My car wouldn\'t start , and…”Suddenly she said . “My car wouldn\'t start , and…”Suddenly she stopped talking and began to smile . Now she understood . Her boss hadn\'t asked her “Did you get a plate ? ”He had asked her , “Did you get up late ? ”

【 思维体操 】

　　Use Your Head

　　A man wants to take a dog , a hen and some rice across a river . But there is only one boat and he can only take one at a time . If he leaves the hen with the rice only , the hen will eat the rice；if he leaves the dog with the hen only , the dog will hurt the hen . He thinks it over and an idea comes to his mind .

　　Do you know how the man manages to take them all across the river without the hen\'s eating the rice and the dog\'s hurting the hen?

　　答案：He takes the hen over first , leaves it there , returns and takes the rice . He leaves the rice and brings the hen back with him . He leaves the hen and takes the dog . Then he leaves the dog and returns for the hen .

三、智能显示

【 心中有数 】

　　单元语法发散思维

　　非谓语动词的逻辑主语与测试热点

　　动名词、分词、不定式由于句意或语法的需要，要带上自身的逻辑主语 (也称作复合结构) ，它们依据在句中所起的不同作用需要不同的形式，在测试中极易混淆，下面是考试的热点：

　　※ 动名词的逻辑主语

　　1. I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon .

　　A . you to call B . you call C . your calling D . you\'re calling
　　
　　2. Do you mind ____ alone at home ?

　　A . Jane leaving B . Jane having left C . Jane\'s being left D . Jane to be left

　　3. How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden ?

　　A . to take B . take C . taking D . to be taking

　　4. I can\'t understand ____ at that poor child .

　　A. you to laugh B. you laugh C. why laugh D. you laughing

　　［分析］答案依次为C、C、C、D。

　　〖思维一〗动名词的逻辑主语有两种形式：

　　1 . 动名词及其逻辑主语在句中一同作主语时，只能用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，不可用宾格或普通格。如：

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，高二英语第二十二单元A Tale of Two cities